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The Sovereign ideal, La Bruyere

"How many gifts of heaven should we not really rule! A noble birth, an air of authority and empire, a face that fills the curiosity of people eager to see Prince, who retains the respect in the courtier. Perfect equanimity, a great aversion to pungent raillery, or enough reason not to allow the point, do not make threats or accusations, not to yield to anger, and always be obeyed. The mind easy, ingratiating, open heart, sincere, and is believed to see the bottom, and thus very suitable for making friends, creatures and allies, be secret, however, deep and impenetrable in its grounds and its projects. The seriousness and gravity in the audience: the short, coupled with great accuracy and dignity, either in response the ambassadors of princes, or in the councils. One way to make Thanksgiving which is like a second benefit, the choice of people you gratifies; discernment of spirits, talents and complexes for the distribution of positions and jobs, the choice of generals and ministers. A trial firm, solid, decisive in business, which we know the best and fairest and a spirit of honesty and fairness that made the following comment till sometimes against himself for the people, allies, enemies and a good memory and very reminiscent of the present needs of individuals, their faces, their names, queries. A large capacity that extends not only to foreign affairs, trade, maxims state the views of political setbacks at the borders by conquering new provinces, and their security by a large number of fortresses inaccessible, but who knows also contain within, and as in the details of a kingdom that banish worship false, suspicious and hostile to the sovereignty, if it meets; that abolishes uses cruel and wicked if they prevail, that will reform the laws and customs, if they were filled with abuse, which gives cities greater safety and greater convenience for the renewal of a exact font, more brightness and majesty by magnificent buildings. Severely punish scandalous vices; give its authority and example of credit piety and virtue: to protect the Church, its ministers, rights, freedoms: spare his people as his children to be always occupied the thought to relieve mild to make grants, and as they rise to the provinces without depleting them. Great talents for war, be careful, diligent, industrious: to have large armies, place orders in person cold be in jeopardy, not to spare his life for the good of his state, like the good of his state and his glory more than life. A very absolute power, which leaves no opportunity to intrigue, intrigue and cabal, which removes the infinite distance that is sometimes between large and small, brings them together, and under which all fold as well. An expanse of knowledge that makes the Prince sees everything through his eyes, he acts immediately and by itself, that his generals are removed from him that though his lieutenants, and its ministers as ministers. Deep wisdom that knows declare war, who knows defeat and use the victory, who can make peace, who knows the break, who knows sometimes and according to various interests compel the enemy to receive it; giving rules to a vast ambition, and knows of how far one must conquer. In the midst of enemies get covered or reported leisure games, festivals, performances, cultivating the arts and sciences, train and implement projects of buildings surprising. Finally a genius superior and powerful is love and reverence of his people, fear of foreigners, who makes a Court, and even an entire kingdom as one family, united under one head perfectly, and whose union Good intelligence is formidable in the world. These admirable virtues seem enclosed the idea of the sovereign it is true that it is rare to see them together in a same subject must contribute too many things at once, mind, heart, outside, temperament, and he I think that a monarch who collects them all in his person is worthy of the name of Great. "

Jean de La Bruyère, Characters (1688-1696)

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The minarets in Switzerland and naive and reactionary nationalist

Expulsion of the Moriscos in the port of Denia

Like any human being who follows the news at least - European for that matter - everyone knows that 57% of our Swiss neighbors have recently voted for ban construction of minarets , the most conspicuous ornaments and more aggressive, to the eye "infidel", which mosques are mushrooming all over Europe, converted longstanding religious relativism revolutionary planted with love two hundred years ago by Napoleon and his gardeners Grunts. A bit like when the accession of Jean-Marie Le Pen in the second round of elections 2002 presidential, the universe and reactionary nationalism and the whole "réacosphère" Internet is boiling, and exult within the scope of a victory which I would like to receive as well as they effect real and lasting especially .

If it is obviously not wrong to feel some pleasure in mocking this news, especially consultant oh so predictable reactions policies and journalists followers of the self-righteousness, it must be emphasized also that the referendum is a stab in the water and it will not be more efficient than the second round in 2002 already mentioned. It has indeed escaped anyone that even without minarets, mosques are still there, as well as Muslim populations: one wonders how so many could be happy with a small score as 57% when the question would should focus on banning the construction of mosques and even on the Prohibition of the Muslim faith. I was probably answer that it is always a beginning and that's encouraging, as the survey which has just announced that 41% of French people are against building new mosques : Well not necessarily as to principles.

Their attitude to this new shows paradoxes which are perfectly unable to rid the reactionary and nationalistic French (but also European), they are stuck in the republican and democratic system. From a formal point of view, this political trend proves once again that she cherishes the enemy weapons, such weapons are responsible for the destruction of traditional France they sometimes call themselves - some Republicans are sincere - ultimate defenders. This weapon is democracy and popular sovereignty, and the concept of self-governing nation which implies that the nature of it is potentially scalable, since it is the fruit not more than a divine right and a tradition concentrated in the hands of a king, but an expression of general will be subject to change and all manipulations of the view that we know. Historically, it is therefore the revolutionary movement and the victory of individualism, which manifest themselves in both religious relativism that the right to vote - it being essential that the voice of every individual counts as much, regardless of its condition and his beliefs - which allowed the uprooting of France (and other European states) and the very possibility of the emergence of a strong Muslim population. Believe that more democracy is the only solution against the Islamization is as naive as to believe the same thing vis-à-vis the European construction: these phenomena are the logical consequences of the destruction of the French monarchy and the advent of a republic which wants to overrun any border and particularism.

For beyond this formal problem which is already considerable, there is also a problem of funds which is superimposed, that of secularism and freedom of worship. It was clearly seen in the history of the republic, not only the establishment of this regime is inseparable from hostility to Catholicism before Vatican He, too tainted in the eyes of our "pure" centuries by the alliance of throne and the altar, but the reactionary right as the far right, since the promotion of Islam by the Left has accompanied the anti-Catholicism have never been able to defend themselves other than by a secularism that reaches so funny that the left, not hesitating to sacrifice Catholicism in private if it is possible to do the same for Islam. Suffice to say that this policy scorched-earth equivalent to only shoot themselves in the foot in view of the zero efficiency on the other side. It was a very good example of this attitude in the draft 2007 of the Movement for France Philippe de Villiers, who only provided a charter for the republican construction of mosques and the confinement of religion to the private sphere. This simple vis-à-vis Islam, although basic, was sufficient to react Marine Le Pen, whose National Front prefers denounce immigration for not talking about the religious problem in itself. We understand why all these people who claim to defend the French tradition is no wonder the place of religion in society. They fall into the trap full of Republican revolutionary leveling absolute value religions vis-à-vis our history, knowing full well that stand up to human rights and the republican constitution would opt out of the system they claim to fight: we will not even entitled to claim of a situation that would resemble the Concordat of 1801, but a full claim of the separation of church and state in 1905.

Because the only real solution to the problem of Islamization, they are not referenda that will not prevent the Muslim population to move forward and vote from the right to build as they wish in a few decades, this does is not secularism and religious relativism egalitarian engulfing our Catholic tradition, while the enemy is still progressing, still less the nation autonomous and sovereign people, as this concept carries the seeds of the very possibility of rejection of tradition. The solution involves first the overthrow of the republic and through it the original sin which is the French Revolution, which carry with them all the principles that are available to Muslims, but also, more importantly, the restoration of the French monarchy whose king legitimate custodian of its own sovereignty, full and independent, is the guarantor of the principles Essentials of French civilization and, by the oaths of his coronation, religion Catholic state to protect. If we do not have the courage to reconnect with our history, never we nor our descendants will not be relieved of the Muslim population and religious pressures and far to experience a phenomenon similar to the Reconquista and expulsion of the Moriscos under Philip III of Spain, is the fate of Byzantine Constantinople and that we will suffer with the shame of being defeated without firing a shot.

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Bishop Louis de Bourbon and his wife Princess Marie-Marguerite Expecting Twins for spring 2010

Two days before my birthday, here is a new and unexpected happy which is a wonderful gift: the announcement of a new offspring next to Bishop Louis de Bourbon, Duke of Anjou, heir of the kings of France known as Louis XX, and his wife Princess Marie-Marguerite. Pending the arrival of twins whose sex will not be known until they are born, want a happy pregnancy and a perfect health to the Princess and the advent of a Dolphin, thanks to prayer is given to us by The Journal of "Mesnil-Marie ( click here).

Bishop Louis de Bourbon and his wife Princess Marie-Marguerite
are already the proud parents of a little Eugenie

"Secretariat of the Duke of Anjou

PRESS


Multiple Births announced in the French royal family


Monseigneur Louis de Bourbon, Duke of Anjou, head of the House of Bourbon is pleased to announce that his wife Duchess of Anjou and himself, awaiting the birth of twins to the end of next spring.

Married since November 6, 2004, Bishop Louis de Bourbon, Duke of Anjou, senior Capetian and his wife Princess Marie Marguerite are already the proud parents of HRH Princess Eugenie of Bourbon, born March 5, 2007.

French Expatriate in Venezuela, the royal couple said it will await the birth to learn the sex of children.

The birth of the twins in 2010 will coincide with the commemoration of the 400th anniversary of the memory of King Henri IV, the Duc d'Anjou is the eldest direct descendants.

Paris, 25 November 2009 "

Source: Vive le Roy

***

Here is also a partial translation of the article appeared on the English site Hola.com :

"The Duke of Anjou acted during a telephone interview from Caracas, he welcomes the news that his wife is doing well and that" babies are healthy. "

The coming year will be very special for the couple formed by Louis Alphonse de Bourbon and Marie-Marguerite Vargas Santaella. The son of Carmen Martínez-Bordiú and his wife have announced they will again be parents of twins this time, a happy news that was transmitted by a statement to the agency Efe and says: "The Duke and Duchess Anjou are pleased to announce that they expecting twins by the end of next spring. "

During a telephone conversation with Efe from Caracas, Louis Alphonse testified to the great joy that gives them the arrival of two new children, given the excellent state of health of his wife like babies: they are very healthy. " The couple already has a daughter, Eugenie, born March 5, 2007, that in a few months become the eldest daughter of a family. "

Read also: On the birth of the Dauphin, by Pierre Le Moyne

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Recommendations his hermit uncle Percival

"And now," said the hermit, tells me, I pray thee, what was your life, what you have done nothing to hide or lie.

- Only today, "said Percival, with anxiety as I understand how long I wandered without a guide, deprived of the aid of joy. I feel overwhelmed because I did nothing else but look for fights. And I am very angry in my heart against God because, not content to encourage everyone worries that assail me, he has grown relentlessly. All happiness for me has been buried in a tomb. If this God telling me about my mother, God she described to me as being the best and brightest in the world that was, I had received his help, my joy would not have known bounds. Now my soul today in a dark bottomless pain. - Child, interrupted the hermit, have you ever asked God to help her? - No, Percival confessed, I relied too much on my strength, my courage and my courage. - Then said the hermit, do not be surprised by you feel so alone and abandoned. "

Perceval remained silent. The hermit sighed and said:" Child, I know you're better than you pretend. But you have to trust God and keep you from uttering words that are all blasphemies. I want to show that God, far from being responsible in any way from your troubles, instead it will be always ready to assist you. Although I am not a cleric, I read and copied from my hand the teachings of truth books. I know that man must always stand ready to serve. So he deserves the support of one who never tires of attending the souls in distress. Be firm in your faith and do not let yourself invaded by doubt. Yes, God is light, but it is also truth and justice, and neither violence nor thy wrath did grab his help. Anyone who sees you angry against God will hold you for a man of little sense. Think of what happened to Lucifer and all the angels who followed him. Yet, originally, they were good beings and bright. Ah! God! whence they came hatred that led, after dark fighting in a place of suffering and misery?

When Lucifer, with his retinue, sank into hell, God replaced him with a man he took the earth and formed the noble Adam. The body of Adam, Eve, which he sent to refusing to listen to his creator, we all ran into misfortune and ruined all our happiness. These two beings were born children, but one of them, yielding to excess, came by an inconceivable pride to sully his grandmother, which was still a virgin. Yet many people, before they understood the meaning of these words, amazed and wondering how something like this could happen. It happened yet, and this was a very serious mistake. "

Percival interrupted:" Bel uncle, he said, I can not believe it has been. What father was therefore born man who steals the virginal purity of his grandmother as thou the stories? You would have done better to keep silent on this point! - I'll explain it to you yet, "replied the hermit, and if I'm not saying the honest truth, look at me like a deceptive abomination. Do not stop at words, but understand its meaning. It is the land which was the mother of Adam, since he ate the fruits of the earth. In that time, land was still a virgin. But Adam was the father of Cain, who slew his brother Abel for competing for a very miserable. And when Abel's blood fell on the pure land, c'en was due to her virginity. You see now how the son of Adam steals the innocence of his own grandmother? - I see, "said Perceval.

- Then said the hermit, born of hatred among people, and this hatred has never stopped since. However, there is nothing so pure a virgin in the world free from falsehood, and God himself was the son of a virgin. It was modeled on the image of the first son of a virgin and that, from a being a gasoline so high, showed his great love for men. With Adam's race course began our misfortune, but also our happiness as He who is master of all angels condescend to recognize us as being from his lineage. Alas! this lineage also leads us to a heavy load of sins we must bear.

To bear it, we must pray God to give us his help. If we are sincere, he never refuses. Having, loyal love, clothed in human form, he, by eagerness loyal, fiercely opposed disloyalty. So do any grudge against him if you do not want to jeopardize your destiny. Show yourself less reckless in your words and your actions. I'll tell you what punishment awaits those who claims to avenge his sufferings in words of excess: he himself is condemned by his own mouth. Believe in the testimony of the sages of ancient times: it is always true and we guarantee the truth of this speech. Plato had already said in his time, and the Sibyl also, who was a prophetess. Without being wrong in anything, they announced, many years in advance, the arrival of some one who would redeem the human race. He whose hand rules the universe has, with his divine love, torn from the darkness of hell there is left only those who do not know how to control their passions.

Fair words of these prophets tell us of one who truly knows love. It is a light that penetrates to the bottom of everything. Nothing can stagger the force of love. Anyone who expresses his love know that love in an intense joy. But in this world men act very differently: they may at their discretion, to acquire his love or incurring their anger. Ask yourself which one you will be of great help. The unfortunate man who feels repentance point of leaking the loyal love of God, the man who recognizes his mistakes and wishes to atone attracts a grace without price. This grace will come to him from that probe to the depths of our innermost thoughts. For thought can escape the gaze of the sun, thinking, although no lock can shut up, may remain hidden, impenetrable to any creature, but in some darkness she takes pleasure, God easily deciphered. It has the power of any light, and its brilliance shines through the dark wall which envelops the mind, it plunges to the bottom of a momentum that no one sees or can not hear.

When thinking springs from the depths of ourselves, it is never so fast that God has had time to examine the heart before it happens to the skin. And when this thought is pure, he greets him with kindness. If God knows all our thoughts and enter, what must not be his grief at the actions that dictates our weakness! When a man works to dismiss him the favor of God and God overwhelm with shame, what relief it would be the world's knowledge? Where his poor soul could she find refuge? If you're determined to afflict God, it is ultimately you yourself that afflict most. So turn your heart toward the good, deserves God reward your good will. "

* Based on the work of Wolfram von Eschenbach


Jean Markale Perceval the Welshman (1995), in The cycle grail, Volume 2

What Does Untoned Stomach Muscle Look Like

Remonstrance to the French people, his duty this time against the majesty of the King (1559), by William Altars Of

If befalls me again, France, as formerly, to
What a lamentable and a soft voice
I will want nothing to deafen the ears,
Singing the passions and pains nonpareils
of a heart burning with love, concern that a young point:
I'm glad when you don tapping point.
If one affected, and sweet cuteness
flattering your manners, vice into virtue I disguise: And
traitor to your honor, I want to invite you
From what I owe you advise to avoid: If after a
by Timon audacity clever
I bite the Substitute Theonine of a tooth,
Envious labor nicer minds
Refused me the honor of my writings glances. But since

Now I only good for your sleep:
And your only duty, FRANCE, I advise you:
I pray thee, my country, not to dismiss me:
But, my dear country, I pray thee listen.
Do thyself accroire be dishonest case,
To lend your ear to the voice of a poet:
For the Poets are favored of Heaven:
And men from below are interpreters of the Gods.
Poets once the ancient wisdom
Mit between public and private difference
The profane and sacred of all divided,
Marriage feigned first informed him, broke
The license of wandering wedding
Assembla cities, built large cities,
She prophesied, it was in the woods
in stone, bronze and burn the holy laws. The Thracian Orpheus
quieted their spirits
By admired his poetry, men in wild
He was out of the woods by her sweet
preached all agree to live together civilly.
is the reason why it is said the forests themselves, the
have followed the sound of his divine poems
And have softened the Tiger and the Lion.
is also why we said, qu'Amphion
By the sound of his lyre, and by human prayer
stones gathered from the city of Thebes.
But once the mighty Spartans
knew your dam, Mycenaean peoples,
How can the poet, and what courage locker
A good day to soldiers in battle. But
addition, my country, therefore not included, hear me,
Learn how you are feared to your king.

If a Scythian barbarian, full of treachery,
extended until his proud tyranny
(What divert the Gods of the Gallic Empire)
If however he should obey its laws
serve Him, adore Him, offer its request
Not only goods but also head
There, in spite of ourselves, our will should be stored
undergo the appetite of a villain Abroad:
But it pleases God, our God loves us: Who
FRANCE French rule that does the same.
King that we have is the son of those kings
That our fathers had: that the Kingdom has
His ancestors have held: and all the wealth,
O people, you've come from their largesse:
They are pregnant your security on all sides
Your town ditches, walls and ramparts
You have them all your ports, your temples, your colleges,
All your freedoms, and all your privileges . And if you
can boast, FRANCE, you're not
Governed by kings descended from a place down, And the earth
children because the world is left
More children of the gods and their heavenly race,
Let our Princes hectorien from blood, once in Gaul
Half blood Herculean: Race
always Gods dearly beloved
And the holy name of Christ very Christian named:
Who had the benefit of having the gift of heaven, The holy
lilies, and the precious ointment
Who anointed your kings sacred, the To return to
admirable cure an incurable disease
By the mere touch of their hands, and still
The terror of the Saracens, taught the golden flames.

Who boast s'osera All Kings strange
seeing in her yard embassies angels? By
which the high heavens, His holy house, God sent his
till present in low places:
To show the world, that He has cure
In the empire of Gaul, and he wants more That these old hard
renamed, or Assyrians,
Medes, Persians, Macedonians,
And those who still want to say the least
Whether their name is an empire. The
FRANCE is like last, and most flourishing
For as you see in your fatal
Two horns growing increasingly extend its light
So he is perfect its full roundness:
A similar course was the reign of the Gauls, who
English threat, and threaten the English
of two horns, one is bathed in the ocean,
The other hits the front great Pyrenees mountains: The mid-round
held from shore marine lava
What Garonne and the Seine, and Rhine, although
Challenge expanded to the fertile countryside,
That plowing up the hoary mountains
Or the people of the ancient toga name back, since Rubicon
Who stands to the Alps: And
continues to grow, as its shape completely round
Kiss the empire of the world.

Gold does not think, FRANCE, be more fortunate
Those who are otherwise governed by kings:
Either the people will be allowed peat, which is always
By reason despised:
Or that power is in the hands of the nobles on
One the other envious of goods and honors: Finally
such municipality is always ruined by
No cons other than you own mutinous: You did well
frightened people cecropien,
And the race of Aeneas as well testify.

Monarchy is not only the finest
form of government, but one is natural.
One God first everything leads world:
One Sun in the sky all the stars shine:
The heart in our body all the members at:
And the only reason our soul is mistress.
See the bees (if you can, because
Make a little makes a great comparison)
As they have a King, who from his small gent
Is feared and obeyed as a king of Egypt ,
That Sophi of Persia, or the Lord takes
the world now only as big
All he governs, and keep their work: All
honored him reverence and homage,
The accompanying everywhere, are often
To keep shots to get down to
As they wage war: and cruel wound
By serving their King, seeking a beautiful death.

Thus, FRANCE, you have your head towards Royal
Still far had the courage loyal:
And thy princes has increased the power
For your faithful love, and your obedience. Also
the glory of their work they have to do: Always
they let you to share your profits: Either
besides the Apennines and the Alps hoary,
They have made known their signs: Either
beyond the Rhine army had their este:
Either the country they have holy conquest,
Or hearing the divine voice was rather raw,
And where the Euphrates water and Jordan is drunk:
they have hunted those of the island of Albion,
Until last for cold Septentrion: Let
in the earth, where lies the chaste Parthenope,
They have ordered: or from Europe
Devers Sunset, they have made the gain made by chivalrous
the African country.
Or that English bands stubborn
They have pushed beyond their Pyrenees
Thy princes were only triumphant
The body was to you and your children.
And when their enemies kept silent by fear,
These are sometimes made friends (friends for feigned)
And to have means of war about,
Thee, O FRANCE, left to enjoy a peaceful rest:
My God how carefully took our meek Princes
To chase poverty all their provinces!
Nobles they loaded the honors, which
The countries in their courses and governors,
their pension they have enriched the churches,
They opened the course to all goods,
They judges selected the most learned ,
Poor unnamed people living from their work
They took into custody: and gave you, O FRANCE,
Full of all property in the Horn of Plenty.

Francus here by me will not you let, Neither
Pharamond too, Clovis, or Meroveus,
Not all those old Kings, whose memory we
Otherwise the report that we made history:
Elsewhere in my honor to be ventilation ports, the eight
charles still, and twelve Louis
But this great Francis royal clemency,
With the majesty equal to the greatest gods,
Who love thee overcame his ancestors, may still represent
before your eyes. HENRI
not only succeeds scepter:
But under the holy and both the excess.
You know of his reign on his accession,
The Quiet Peace was happy Commencement:
And how he knew that the bloody war of his fame Should
fill the whole earth, and that the idler
rest his honor wilting
However, for your own good, he loved peace: Or
one can know that what he likes most,
is the tranquility of its people, and comfortable.
But however it is your rest friend
Boldness vain grows in the heart of the enemy: Who
, possible to deal presumed
At a Sardanapalus asleep in the pen.
Like a morning seeing a wild boar in the woods
it takes for other pork, with irritating barking:
And clinging to him slight trespasses
Does not hurt when the terrible defenses care:
But do not think he knows nothing but lie in the mire
sloth, and the acorn chew. The boar
to see during his bitter anger emotion,
Enrage fight with his crooked teeth,
His white teeth, which he sharpens, and that comes out
Long before the mouth, and bringing death: He all frothy
the snout, and malice
On the neck and back him all the hair bristles: Fire
appear resplendent his ardent eyes: Then
curve, and rushes through bold
ja split on the dog: who ended his life In a later repent
accuses his madness. Thus
our enemies, seeing that our King
Weapons disdained: and for thy sake
Peaceful, and only careful justice
And manners, and laws, reformed your police: On board
imprudent angered
the heart of a king of all kings who should be the winner:
which they reported at the end of their account
The delayed repentance, and loss and shame.
Parma, Mirandola, and Siena, and later even
Your Tiber, Rome, served as controls:
Witness in either the Rhine and Germany all
Who at sea or land in another King no fear:
J ' calls to witness the good people of Scotch:
(The people now the young King Francis)
The Milannais knows how great is his strength: If
is chased out of the Genevan Corsica
In Flanders will never be destroyed
Mariembourg Neither honor nor Renty:
Metz made and defended our city and Calais
French again, and Guine, and Thionville
Testify his honor. It is true that he took,
People, it took the light of thy tearful cries
Who made him drop out of the hands victory,
And cutting off its greatest glory
To bring peace As you wish,
Ending your ills and make you happy. This great
Charles which the doctrine and wisdom,
The magnitude of the race, and the highness of the heart,
The admirable eloquence, and the sacred hat
And all virtues are a miracle again
As we confess never having
been far, and ever after unable to rise:
He, our King Crowned
wanted to send an olive branch of peaceful,
Willingness to peace that he has requested: Both
your usefulness to him is recommended.
And the King's faithful Achates is also
FRANCE From the Nestor, the valiant Montmorency
To which do not decrease property
virtue or honor, nor the love of his master. What condition
people (as you know)
Refused your King, to give you peace?
How he wanted to revel in your vows, Exit
its right? that he has wanted to do?

If some people are (blindfolded
one presumption) so much presumptuous:
they despise the good of this opportune moment,
To recommend to the winds of fortune
(How good a hope is still with us, PHILIPPE
What if, as they say, wise and gentle,
Knowing he can not have an alliance
worthy of his greatness, in another place in France:
And if he lets the opportunity ore
To escape from behind the nothingness wish he caught up.)
If the Englishman proud (I say) or otherwise, machinery, FRANCE
that destroy you, and nothing Thy ruin
alone satisfy his lack of your property,
Nothing as watering the ground with the blood of thine, And
done by the heat of the flames raging,
ash convert your cities sacked: People
s it is better you wait loosely
The unfortunate end of this event: What
to anticipate and carry her across
A itself, the evil which he threatens you.
The evil that one will receive, that stubbornly want to
Te war and is intended:
is a crash, and will be too small,
To contravene foreign forces: If you do violate
yourself by refusing
Your duty to yourself, to harming yourself.
People think you should, if a complaint does not care picnic
Our good King if not for public benefit yourself: If he had another
care that his only pleasure, without penalty
he could, at its option choose: It would have
point harness under a burning
Suffer the ardor of a grievous was too hot:
Neither too harsh winter feel grievous insult:
But O FRANCE, boredom, boredom while he endures,
FRANCE, everything is for you, like a dear child's father has
such care: that the more he defends
And his own body, and that his own life:
And to help him forget his business:
As a King, King, FRANCE, like yours,
sake of his people rather than his property: For
by becoming king, he load his shoulders, Atlas
Thus the sky, all the care of Gaul. You
, FRANCE, you can still afford to take
cons all, you're full of goods:
you shall fear your king now for the dependent?
What do I say to your King? but to defend yourself ? And what would
King who alone would need?
The ardent affection that you have and the care
From its size, you can encourage the courage
Not to fear for him nor death or injury.
Encor is with you that Duke victory
Duquel honor shining and glorious name
The coming centuries will not see the point extinguish
And that is except it does you need fear nothing,
This great Prince Lorrain. And then your risks
And thou shalt princes and foreign nations
More loans will help you, than you to the query:
We need only your will be ready.
But should you doubt it? Ja trumpets j'oy
And tambourines sounded, I shine ja voys
weapons and armor, my God that I see banners
deployed ja! my God of soldiers! Hey what
infantry, hey what brave police, to combat
All loans require all weapons.
This great Persian King, who gathered men
So many thousands, and under which the whole earth trembled
, while frightened Greece
had not so fine as that army stands:
But I praise all the good wishes
Some people I see coming from all sides and provide
life and property to the royal grandeur. But
as you are, my FRANCE, so loyal
God always help you: for God Almighty
Nothing is more pleasing, a people obedient to his
And Prince is loyal courage
The very good very great God-nothing That people hate more
unfair to Princes: for the place
They hold us, and are as images of God.
By this means you can gain the sweet peace:
And by this means alone drive out war.
When the enemy know what you're doing good duty,
Himself we tend the green branch of Peace:
Knowing that no force was able to appalling
A people who knows so loyal to war.
Then you will get the happy reward of thy
Prince that takes better care than we think
the goodwill of his own, and who knows
quick look at his service wanted less delay.
still the king Dauphin which so great wisdom
Looks like a prodigy so tender youth,
As goodwill yours, always remember
And one day your son will make it twice.

Note: I modernized spelling, punctuation while retaining vocabulary and some original, unknown in modern French, including fidelity to certain rhythms and certain rhymes.

William altars, françoys Remonstrance to the people of his duty In this time against the majesty of King (1559)

Burning While Urinating With Your Period

Elegy on disorders of Amboise (1560), by Ronsard

Altars Of William A gentleman Charolois


Of Autelz that the loy, and the rethoricque
Muse and his son as cherist unicque, I'm
esmerveillé grandz that the Court
(Veu the stormy weather which in Europe runs)
Do arming the sides: men who have power to plead
Like toy their causes in France, a revenger
And art by thee renewed
The scepter that the people trampled on the floor.
Not aujourd'huy that Kings and Princes
have need to keep weapons in their provinces,
Do buy nor cannons, nor harness,
fault But keep only the voice, who can dexterously
peat
appease rebellious courage and flatter the bosom:
fault because he henceforth forbid our houses,
Not by the sword but by sharp trenchant reasons
And bravely noz enemies abbatre
By Mesmes bastons they beat us traveling on wheels.
As the enemy was seduced by books
The people were led astray Fauci following
This fault by playing by the books confuse
For books assail, books by him spond, in time of need without monster
noz failliz courage, But more
assaulted and strong will resist more.

If I do voy yet nobody who pushes
On the top of the breach and the enemy is repelled,
Who we brave assault, and nobody takes
the pike, and the wall suddenly forbids not: People have
use of celestial goodness, And
recommend prayer to God the rest
And without playing the hands remain ocieux:
Yet the mutineers are victorious.

Carles and thee and me, between one hundred thousand men seulz
That France nourishes, we are opposed,
And making us three paroistre virtue
On Heart magnanimous we combat,
Descouvrant stomach to honorable wounds,
To sustain a church, and his venerable laws, and those of
own country which we are nose
And for the aid by which we are commanded.

During the war in Troy, now that Greece
prefled against the walls the Trojan youth
And the great Achilles empeschoit streams
Bring to Thetis tribute of their waters,
estoyent Those in the Wall besieged,
estoyent Those outside the port of SiGe,
Failloyent egallement: my Desautels and
Noz enemies are and we fail faulte Aussy. They are failing

to overthrow ours empire
And by force of wanting to contradict Princes, And
presume too proud of their meaning, by dreams And
new force of Vieux loy:
They are failing to leave the path of their fathers,
ensuyvre To train foreign sects:
Ilz are failing to spread libels and Placar,
Plains derision, envye and Brocar,
Diffamans grandz most of our short Royalle,
Who are of no use to feed a scandal
They are failing to think that all soyent blind
seulz What they have eyes that they are seulz Reigl,
And we mislead ensuyvons doctrine
Human and corrupt, not the divine
Ilz are failing to think that Luther only
God has appeared, and generally What
for nine hundred years the Church is depraved
From wine to Long ipochrisie traictz watered,
And the only writeth a better Bucer,
On Zvingle, or Calvin (men seditious )
Whether the agreement of the Church, and a thousand Statuzer
Doctors, push God to the council convocquez:
That he muft now hope to God, Sy
him had suffered with mild and clement wander along
Sy time his church? Is Author of fault?
What gain would return to his majesty high?
What an honor, regardless of profict s'estre as concealed
For s'estre only revealed to Luther? Yet we fail

also, because for holy Pope Gregory
No (whose name is in history writeth)
not preached in the pulpit: and secondly Faillon
That the good of the church is starting to children.
Do astonished, Christians, sy
the nacelle of the Good Shepherd Saint Peter in this world staggers,
Then the ignorant, the children of fifteen, I know not
quelz muguetz, I know not what wits
Take into the Gouvernal, then the profits are sold
money and offices. But that would say

Paul, he was returning here,
De noz prelatz young, who have poinct soucy
of their poor flock, they are wool,
And sometimes leather : Who all live without pain, without
preach, without prayer, without a good example of them,
smelling, cut, courtiers, lovers,
Veneurs and falconers, and avecq 'bawdy
Lose the property of God, whose ilz have that custody. That should say it

to gaze upon the Church to Jesus Christ, who was formerly based
humblesse in mind,
With patience, obedience,
no money, no credit, no strength, nor power,
Poor naked , exiled, who till the bones
The Loved fouetz bloody print on the doz,
And see aujourd'huy rich, oily, and supercilious,
Any full of crowns, annuities, and dommaine?
Puffed his ministers, and Popes still,
pompously vestuz of silk and cloth of gold? He
repentiroit have suffered with it for so many
coupz of fighting, so cruel, So
bannissemens, and seeing such a thing done mechef
Priroit fire him accablast leader.

It therefore correct fault of our holy Church
hundred thousand abuz committed by the miser prestrise,
Lest the wrath of the Lord Almighty
N'aylle avecques fire noz punishing mistakes. What

new rage has corrupted our ease? Las
! Lutherans of the case is tresmauvaise,
And deffendent property: and unfortunately fatal
The ours is good and holy, and We forbid the evil. O happy

the fairer than death wealthy Ha
for nine hundred years much under the tomb took! Happy fathers
Vieux bills last century, who are without
vary their faith trespasser,
As with so many sick fust abuz Church: Who
n'ouyrent never speak Oecolampadius,
From Zvingle of Bucer, Luther, Calvin,
But without innovation in the service of God, Have
vescu long, then a happy ending
In Jesus delivered their generous soul. Las

! poor France, alas! Diverse as an opinion
has corrupted your first union!
Your children, who devroyent keep you, you are working, And
a bit of goat amongst themselves struggling Mesmes,
And as reprobate, courage wicked
Against your stomach turn iron sharp!

Did not we quite the Campania engressé
Flanders, Piedmont, Naples, and Spaine,
in Our own blood without turning Cousteaux
Against thee, our mother, and your own gut?
the end that the great Turkish people infidels
Rissent seeing us bloody quarrels of noz?
And in that place by the arms DEUST overcome
We screwed our hands We ourselves we dont,
Or the wrath of God, or destiny
Who makes you want by, O France, exterminated ?
Las
! fault is it, O fate, that the scepter Francis
That proud Allemant, English and English
Has been taught to never offend, much under the power falls
From the people who ought to render him obedience?
Sceptre that was once so feared by all sides,
Who sent overseas once his soldar
Gaigner Palestine, and all Idumea, Tyre
, Sydon, Antioch, and the city named
From holy name, where Jesus, in the cross attached
of his precious blood washed ours sin:
Sceptre was once the terror of the Barbarians,
Turks, Mammelukes, Persians and Tartars,
short, throughout the universe as a feared and dreaded Fault
it as his own which he himself is!

France, you bad because you're partly
ay I worry about a thousand times by my advertised him,
You're like the stepmother, and mother to strangers, Who
mock at thee when thou art in danger:
For the most part of strangers get
Property that rightly belong to your son. For example

is what you learned From Autelz,
Who in your LOS deed books immortal
Who poursuyvoit short of a long-time affair,
From Valleur very little, and never able to do without the good Cardinal
that breaking the stay
The reference content in just one day. That
as like you do very little story, which you
devrois forehead all be ashamed.

You also mocked God profet
Singles in your children, and in fact meillieu
From your womb will appear at the end of you predict
Your misfortune happen, but you still do but laugh.

Or is that the great God the great eternity
Ait Nostradamus enthusiasm excited
Or is that good or bad daimon agitates,
Or is it likely that the soul ayt sudden
And also mortal s'eslance up cieulx,
And from there we repeated the deeds prodigious
Or is that his dark and melancholy spirit, mood
repeu fat, the yield fantastic
short, it is what it is: if this is toutesfois
Let the words of his questionable profet voice
As an oracle old custom, he has many a year
predicted the greatest part of our destiny.

not I had not believed, if the sky that departing
good and evil in humans, had it not been for his part:
Certainly the sky, sorry to ruin
scepter if one fellow, has monster sign:
past year has been full of tears:
seen the comet was burning
Droict remain upon our own country: and the sky falling down on Sainct
Germain a burning stick: Nostre
Prince at its meillieu pleasures is dead: And
his son, young in years, was upheld by the EFORT SUBJECT
In his own, and the room
honored for its Royal Palace was not him asseurée.

Doncque, nor the deeds of the Princes hault his ancestors, Ny
as temples to the holy eslevez cieulx
basti by his fathers, nor the mighty land,
wars raging, letters flowering, Ny
his own virtue, goodness and piety, Ny
his years in any well APRIS honnesteté, Ny
devotion, the faith, nor prayer
pudicque His wife and his chaste mother,
Have to destiny so many graces found
That misfortune if not him again arrived, and the air
infected du terroy Saxonicque
N'ait empuenty l'air de sa terre Gallicque.

Que si des Guysians le couraige haultain
N'eust au besoing esté nostre rempart certain,
Voire et si tant soit peu leur ame genereuse
Se fust alors monstrée ou tardive, ou poureuse,
C'estoit faict que du sceptre, et la contagion
De Luther eust gasté nostre religion :
Mais François d'une part, tout seul avecq' les armes
Opposa sa poictrine à si chaudes alarmes,
Et Charles d'autre part, avecq' devotions
Et sermons, s'opposa à leurs seditions,
Et par sa prevoyance et doctrine severe
Par le peuple engarda de plus courir l'ulcere.

Ils have the envye grumble, grumble and destiny, and the infidel faith
vulgar mutineer,
At the envy in combat troop sacrilege,
and religion have called into his seat.

O Lord Almighty! for rent bienfaicts
That these Princes Lorreins deeds in time of need we have, if my humble
voeus in front of your face
Somewhat credit, I'll supply of grace
Guysians That these two, who for love of thee
picked up the honor of our ancient faith,
bloom forever in favor to the Prince, And never
the beaks of the pliers do peoples.

Give the children of children yssus
Soyent them as good Christians, and also valiant few,
Bigger than zero envye:
eternal peace and that they can live their father's house.
Or a disaster, or the cruel misfortune
The threat both jealous of their value, the mutineers
Runs on the threat and insult
Or the head of the ignorant vulgar perjury
Ny worthy of the sun, nor worthy to take
The air that makes us breathe life are poulmons.


Pierre de Ronsard, Elegy on disorders of Amboise (1560) - in Speech, last verses

Cool Lacrosse Pinnies

General considerations on divorce, by Louis de Bonald

Louis de Bonald and family

• In domestic society
• Marriage
• General Considerations on divorce

"The repudiation tolerated among the Jews, was a hard law , to the benefit of the husband against the wife and one of which was a despot, the other a slave. It is therefore not suitable for Christian people, whose charity is the first law, and in whom marriage, returned to the institution of beginning, because of the woman, not a being equal to man, but a using (or Minister) like him.

Divorce is a tough law and wrong at once, allowing not only the husband may divorce his wife but she gives the woman against her husband.

Divorce is now more than ever a weak law or oppressive to both sexes, because it delivers them to the depravity of their inclinations, precisely the time when the passions, heightened by the progress of the arts, most need to be contained by the severity of the laws.

Divorce is tolerated among trading nations, because they Represented domestic society and even political society, as a trade association, a social contract. This is a pun, which the slightest attention is enough to dispel the illusion.

The company is developing a domestic trade association, where the partners come with being equal, and where they can retire with equal results. It is a society where the man puts force protection, the woman needs the weakness of one power, the other duty; society where man is placed with the authority of a woman with dignity , where the man comes out with any his authority, but where the woman may not leave with any dignity because of what she wore in the company may not, in case of dissolution that his money back. And is it not unjust that the woman entered the family with youth and fertility, may emerge with the sterility and old age, and that belonging to the domestic state, it is decommissioning of the family to whom she gave life to the age at which nature denied the ability to form another?

Marriage is not an ordinary contract, since the resilient, both parties can not recover the same state they were before training. I say more: what if the contract is voluntary when it was formed, it may not be and do is almost never at its termination, since the two parties who wished to dissolve it, removes the other free to refuse, and has too many ways to force her consent.

And admire the inconsistency here which falls the draft civil code. It is not, "he said, whether the possibility of divorce is good in itself, but" whether it is appropriate for laws to intervene in the coercive power that is naturally something so free, and where heart must have an equal part. " And elsewhere, "conjugal society like no other, the mutual consent can not dissolve the marriage ( note: the Civil Code provides for the dissolution of marriage by mutual consent of spouses) , although it may dissolve any other company. Thus the law itself recognizes so little freedom in this thing naturally so free and so little power to dissolve the parties, even with their consent, formed a union of their consent, that the evidence of their mutual agreement to dissolve their union is a cause which prevents the dissolution and their collusion on this point is a crime that the law punishes by a fine, sure, to form the association, it was necessary to prove the mutual consent of both parties, and for the break must prove that the two parties do not consent, as if to want their concert split was not the strongest proof that the law could be desired from the absence of any disorder, and the need for separation.

Divorce can be favorable in some cases to a family life, is contrary to the conservation of the human species because of divorcing spouses who wish to have no children, to acquire a ground divorce, and abandonment when he leaves Too often, children at night to conserve them, even when a second marriage would not expose their lives and society as a form of what remains, and not what is born, if polygamy raises more children, monogamy canned more.

But if nature does not want the bond of marriage is ever dissolved, the company does claim she sometimes it can not dissolve?

A society that is in its infancy has no other passion than war. This is a child grows, and whose taste is dominant exercise necessary for its physical development. So dissolubility of the marriage bond is safe, because its dissolution is unprecedented, and sometimes, as among the Jews, dissolubility is allowed to promote the growth of a nascent people.

But the age of puberty happens to society as to man, the passions and take on another character. In the first age, the man was at war with the man in the second, he made war on women, and oppresses the pleasure of sex, as the war destroyed the other. The progress of civilization awaken the taste of pleasure, and the arts are competing for the care of embellish everything becomes art, and even the nature and the very necessities of humanity are only dummy enjoyment, that man pursues with zeal and often at the expense of his fellows. In this age of society, allowing dissolubility of the marital bond, it ordered the dissolution. While the law can not permit divorce without introducing an unlimited polygamy for both sexes. To a nation that has public pleasures, and to public women must be public as a brake and public law, all general any imperative to maintain the general order among all, and not private acts, in somehow, ruling solely on a particular sequence of circumstances; laws waiver, optional for the passions and some weaknesses.

Thus, the side that looks human, the law is straightened, and she must now prevent the dissolution of dissolute men, as it forbids, a few centuries ago, the private vengeance fierce and vindictive men: and only in the improvement of laws and not in the progress of the arts, that is the perfectibility of mankind, which is discussed only want to hear.

Moreover, if there were grounds for divorce, this would be those that come from nature, like bodily infirmities which are outside the field of human wills, and that man has no way to stop, and for this reason that the law of the Jews was grounds for divorce. But allow the husband to leave when delivered by the hope of divorce, the inconstancy of their tastes and their violent tendencies, they also formed the adulterous love, dissolve their union, because they unwilling to control their mood, or because the law does not watch over their conduct, they can break the link, when they have released a voluntary absence: it weakened the will, deprave the action is in the wrong man (and he does not need more laws to deregulate that a plan to destroy) is to place the family and the state in a false and against nature, since it is necessary that the family opposes the force of his manners to the weakness of the law, instead of finding in the force of law support the weak against his morals. But where the law is weak, the rule of manners is distorted, and there is no remedy for their inevitable corruption, and where the law is strong, the public authority has a rule fixed, immutable, which it can still maintain the customs and bend.

If dissolution of the marriage bond is allowed, even for adultery, all women who want divorce will be guilty of adultery. Women are a commodity in circulation, and the accusation of adultery will be commonplace and the agreed means of all trade for it is so corrupt that the man reached in England. And in the debates that took place there not long ago in parliament on the need to restrict the right to divorce, the Bishop of Rochester, responding to Lord Mulgrave, argued that ten applications for divorce because of adultery, because we do not get divorced in England for other reasons, there were nine in which the seducer had agreed in advance with the husband, give evidence of infidelity his wife ( note: the same speaker posited that men who had shown in England, the most lenient to divorce, there were shown the most outraged supporters of the French demagoguery. The civil code prohibited the divorced wife for adultery to marry again with his accomplice. This restriction affects the life of the husband: nothing more dangerous than dealing with the passions as well, to let them go to a certain point to stop thereafter) .

This is the place to observe that, in a case of adultery between persons of the highest rank, argued recently in England ( note: Mr. Sturt, member of parliament of England against the Marquess of Blandford, eldest son of the Duke of Marlborough, for adultery with Anne Sturt, daughter of Count Schafftesbury. Meanwhile, another lawsuit by the Honourable Mr. Windham, Minister of SMB in Florence, cons Count Wycombe, eldest son of the Marquess of Lansdowne) , Lord Kenyon, the oracle of the law who presided over the trial in the summary of the case that 'he presented to the judges, attenuated the wrongs of women and even those of her seducer, for the consideration of similar wrongs from the husband, and, by way of compensation, reduced the claim for damages that it had filed against the seducer to 100 pounds.

Nothing better proves that such a decision how the ideas of social justice and even of honor, are perverted in this mercantile nation. Indeed, it assumes between husband and wife natural equality of wrongs, and therefore duties. But the infidelity of the wife dissolves the domestic link, because it puts children in the family of strangers instead of her husband disorders, some serious they may be, are without consequence for the family, and can afflict that the heart of the wife (note " We see, "said the abbot of a cannon Rastignac in the second letter of St. Basil Amphilochius," as in the usual canonical penalties were less severe than to the men towards women, even in cases where men and women were guilty of the sin ") .

Ruling proves I'm talking about the extreme debasement of morals in England, where a husband, even in the highest ranks and the conditions most opulent, do not blush to receive the price of his disgrace, and may from advance speculate on his wife's infidelity and deal with the fortune of her seducer ( note: this is roughly the same among many savage peoples, where the husband is paying a pig roast at the lover caught with his wife, and eats with them. The principle is the same, the currency of payment makes no difference. We find in the English, under the guise of politeness and brilliant progress in the arts, many characters from savages. The flight, the passion for strong drink, taste the meat half and flood-free bread, imperfect laws, etc.. etc.. " A son, barely into adolescence, " said E SSAI on the paternal , " was called as a witness against his father completed his testimony the evidence of a capital crime, and stop his father's death is almost out of his mouth. The ruling was handed down to the last sitting of Carriker-Fergus: the accused's name was William Mowen " ) . It's the same principle in cases of dual intent, the law in England did give both parties deposit cash than they will not fight, and there is one recent example . It was in France, more just ideas, and more particularly of the manners noted: the individual defendant of intent to duel gave bond in honor of his deference to the law and an outraged husband, even in lower classes, had been noted with infamy if he had sued for monetary relief.

Trade is, in society, what man in the natural need to eat and drink. The man can do, of eating and drinking, his principal business, without falling into the deepest degradation and a total forgetfulness of duty. A nation that puts trade at the level of social institutions, which sees it as a duty, not a need, which gives him every way possible an unlimited extension, rather than confine within the bounds of the indispensable need, can be dazzled by the brilliance of its businesses and the greatness of his success, but his physical overweight cache souls debased and vile manners: a people any material and it will sooner or later, driven by a moral people. In France, the fury of trade was restrained by institutions that prohibited the practice in some classes of society ( note: hence some people in France could not, without dishonor, to sign undertakings that might subject them to imprisonment for debt, because their persons already engaged in the service of society, could not be alienated in particular) , and maintained the spirit of detachment from riches and a willingness to leave everything to fulfill his duties. There was the strength of France, and if the revolution had destroyed the principle, the French would be sufficiently punished and avenged their enemies enough.

As in England, adultery is the only way to divorce: incompatibility of temperament, as grounds for divorce decreed by existing law, and encored by the Court of Cassation, would in France, means trivial to those who do not have the other, and already we see the inconsistency alleged by all couples who want to separate, and even those alleged by the public who has to criticize the excessive compatibility of their tastes and infamous for their mutual convenience disorders.

It should be noted that the drafters of the Civil Code, which amounted to right against the ground of incompatibility of temperament , enough today to bring about the dissolution of the marriage bond, the permit usual when driving of one spouse to the other makes this one life unbearable ; pattern that strongly resembles that of incompatibility, and that spouses may always assert, because no one can contradict them.

And note here the impropriety, to say nothing more, the law, which allows the formation of new nodes to the woman convicted of adultery by having violated its commitments first, and rewards and oblivion assignments, and infringement of laws: because in a well-regulated state, marriage licenses to all men, should be allowed to divorced spouses, for the same reason that the career of government service, accessible to all citizens, is closed for ever to those who were negligent or dishonest in the performance of their duties.

Thus, in early times, the prohibition of marriage among the canonical penalties that the church inflicted on the murderer and incestuous, and, that sentence could still be used successfully by a vigilant administration. Even if we consider celibacy as a sentence, a spouse who would have a woman away from him guilty, unable to marry another, would not always be unfairly punished, because the faults of women are too often the husband's and almost always accuse their choice of interest or lightness, humor tyranny, his conduct of weakness or bad example. The project

civil code removed, it is true, with one hand what he gives with the other: while it allows the possibility of divorce, it interferes with the exercise. But it is here especially that the law appears to be faulty, and the remedy inadequate and derisory. The legislature declares

marriage dissolvable: finishing his action. It is for people to be servants to one another under the law. Only they can be judges of domestic crime, because only they can have knowledge, and that inner conviction that is born for each one, even his suspicions and fears, is equivalent to a misdemeanor domestic to conclude that the magistrate for the Prosecution of public offenses must seek in testimony outside.

Indeed, the five cases that the draft civil code assigned to the divorce, only two public slander and the abandonment of some of the other may be subject to public evidence, because these crimes out of both domestic enclosure, and this is so true that defamation before domestic use only, or abandonment that would take place between spouses who remain in the same enclosure, separated and without communication between them, which is possible and even common, would not be admitted as grounds for an application for divorce, both parties they dwell at both ends of a park several miles in extent, if they were in the same enclosure, because in this case, libel or abandonment, though real, are not public. But for the other three cases, the most common and most serious of all: 1 the usual driving which makes living together intolerable 2 attempt on the life of a spouse by the other; 3 ° adultery: "where is," asks with good reason, in its opinion, the Court of Cassation, which, therefore its principles, is that if the law allows divorce, the will of a party sufficient for it; "where is that a husband, a woman may ask? where they can prove is that? where is that one can judge? A woman will have proved his innocence victorious in court, it will be irretrievably condemned by her husband, and often by the public. The judges have not acquired the evidence of the mood of an annoying husband, while his wife will have the conviction that it is intolerable that they will sometimes soft and tender, where he will attempt to design and homicide; the sacred character of virtue to shine them on the forehead of a secular adultery. And certainly there is no tyranny under both reasonable and more laughable than a magistrate interposing between husband and wife, dissatisfied with each other, just ask their mutual arrangements, to judge coldly of their degree of mutual estrangement, advises hatred to love and to soften the fury, the time required to impatience and delays to passion, jealousy denies her suspicions ( note: Molière has twice what about the scene in George Dandin and the Tartuffe, where Ms. Pernelle stubbornly deny that ensures qu'Orgon have been so pleasantly ) and the heart his wound, and seems to tell of husbands who accuse each other of murder and adultery: "Wait, you are not yet enough to split between you and me. "We wanted

hinder the possibility of divorce by the long and expensive forms which accompany the request and delay the decision. But do we carefully consider the disadvantages of a voluntary act, which, because of difficulties of its implementation will be optional for the passions, and weaknesses of the rich, that is to say, those who were generally less violent passions and moods more compatible, because education decorum and taught them to force them? The possibility of divorce will she like those shows, where between the rich at great expense, and conveniently located, and where the poor, who also wants to see, besieged the windows and roofs, and Is not obvious that where one divorced by dint of money, the other divorced dint of crime?

I frequently compared in the course of this work, divorce as practiced among Christians practiced polygamy in the East, because divorce is indeed a real polygamy. The authors themselves Protestants do not consider otherwise; and Theodore Beza begins his treatise De polygamy and divorce printed in Deventer

"I urge the plurality of polygamy marriages there are two kinds: either a man marries several women at once or previous marriage dissolved, he married another woman. "

In the early days of the Reformation, the courts regarded the divorce as a tacit tolerance of polygamy. Found in a collection of stops after the fact, cited in abbreviated form in the Journal of Jurisprudence to Brown: "T. Gautier and Jacquette Swine, husband and wife after separation in fact, married their separate ways. The governor of La Rochelle sentenced them to be exposed for two hours before the palace, each attached to a collar, the man with two cattails, the woman with two hats. They were ordered to return together, and forbidden to live or to remarry with others under pain of death. This sentence was confirmed by order given to the Board of the edict, November 23, 1606. "And this ruling adds the Editor, was so moderate, expected that the defendants were from the RPR . The newspaper reported the Brown and thereby or a similar one: "In the report of a previous ruling," he said, 'N. and his wife, convinced of bigamy, the parliament of Paris, were sentenced only to exposure, since they were Calvinists, and that the law allows divorce, "which means that bigamy or polygamy, that our laws punishing a penalty, the court seemed more worthy of apology in men who allowed their religion to the dissolution of the marriage bond. So the police would not tolerate the Orientals, established in France, including public practice polygamy, but the laws do not punish them for having used, and there would be a consequence of their manners and their laws.

But if polygamy is the Orientals as disruptive to the family as divorce, divorce is usually more dangerous to the state. Indeed, polygamy leaves children with those who have given birth, divorce separates necessarily one or the other. Polygamy, enclosed in the secrecy of the family, practiced without trouble and without scandal sounded the divorce courts of his complaints, and amuse the idleness of the circles of his indiscreet revelations. Turks buy their neighbor's daughter and we, with divorce, we remove the wife of our friend. In the East women are reserved: "Nothing equals, "Says Montesquieu," the modesty of Turkish women and Persian. "Wherever the possibility of divorce allows a woman to see a husband in every man possible, women are shameless, or at least without delicacy, because the plurality of men is the result of divorce, is more contrary to the nature and public morals, the plurality of wives as polygamy allows men from the East. "If we leave," said Madame Necker, "married women the freedom to make a new choice, and soon their eyes will wander over all men, and soon the only privilege of perjury the distinguished actresses, who are entitled to preferences and taste changes. "What are

with these natural reasons for the indissoluble marriage bond, all human motives that can claim to justify the power to dissolve? No matter, after all, some people suffer in the course of this transitory life, provided the reason, nature, society, are not in pain? And if man is sometimes with regret that a string can not break, does he suffer not at all moments of his life, his passions he can not tame, his inconstancy it can be determined, and lifetime of the good man is anything other than a continuous struggle against his inclinations? Man is to match the wedding moods and characters, and to prevent disorder in the family, by the equality of its humor and wisdom of his conduct. But when he decided in an election against all laws of reason, and only on grounds of caprice or interest, when he founded the happiness of his life on what does the fun a few moments when he poisoned himself the pleasures of a union reasonable conduct by a weak or unjust miserable by his fault, he is entitled to require the company to report its mistakes or its wrongs ? Should we dissolve the family, to save new pleasures to his passions, or new opportunities for its fickleness, and corrupt an entire people because some are corrupt?

How is the wisest Christian religion! It prohibits men the love of riches and pleasures, because spawning bad marriages, and directs the children to follow the advice of their parents in this most important action of their lives. Once the union is formed, it controls the media at the height, softness at the lower, virtue at all. It intervenes constantly to prevent discontent, or terminate the discussions. But if, despite his exhortations, defects and vices of any change link life into a misery every day it released, but without breaking it. It separates the body, but not dissolve the partnership and leaving the sour mood of mellow time, it spares the hearts of hope and ease to meet: and this religion, which forbids all the passions, and forgive all the fragility and this religion, which commands man guilty of hope in the goodness of its Creator, do not want the woman reckless despair or mild tenderness of her husband. Philosophy student divorce between spouses as an impenetrable wall; religion separation space between them like a veil Informal. Philosophy, which rejects human society as religion all the means of grace ( note: the philosophers who inspired or governed the revolution in France, giving the people the right to condemn, had deprived the king of the pardon) and remission, with no return withers lower than a woman guilty by the indelible stamp of divorce which she prints on her forehead, and taking away the dignity of a second wife union can not make it, and with which, as Tacitus said, we deal once and for life, cum spe votoque uxoris soles transigitur it the book without any defense inconstancy of his inclinations: but the doctrine of the one who forgave the adulterous woman, the more indulgent to human weakness, the party retains the name of his unfaithful husband, when, by the separation, the men take off the rights of a woman, and still watches over the honor of one who did not care for her happiness. It

civil law to the rest, and separations have become so common recently, are far less frequent, if the law required the husband separated conditions that would do the punishment for all, not a complacency for any of them.

And, for example, a woman separated her husband, even to violence and abuse, should in the future, retire to the bosom of the religious society, only society to which she still belongs. This refuge is open to repentance, weakness, misfortune, he would offer a more intimate union with the Godhead, the only consolation that should look and taste to a virtuous woman deserted by husband unjust, it would remove the society scandal of a being who is out of its natural place, a wife who is no longer dependent on her husband, and a mother who is no more authority over his children, and whose driving, often ambiguous, as the existence, carries in the family and other trouble she has in hers. It would also be necessary and extremely useful for public morality, that every man separated from his wife was forced to surrender, and forbidden to aspire to any public office, because it is indispensable for the family that the head carries the authority by itself when no longer Minister to exercise in his place and especially because it is important to teach men that the public office does not exempt domestic virtues. This law, very natural, would be more effective against the abuse of separations the possibility of divorce.

Perhaps the law should be considered as separated spouses of dead relatives, and then she would appoint a guardian for their children if they had property or, if they did not, she would entrust their education to the administration, the gathering in public, to wrest the misfortune of being torn between estranged parents, to be reared in hatred of a father or a mother's contempt, heirs of their mutual resentments,
and sentenced to perpetuate hatred in fraternal.

Reply to some objections. It opposes the example of Poland where the Catholic religion allows divorce, and the Protestant countries that practice it, they say, without inconvenience, we will even claim that morals are better than in countries where divorce is forbidden.

1 is denied, as far as the cause, the dissolution of the marriage bond, formed with all the conditions for its validity, is permitted in Poland, and not to interrupt the light of these reflections by lengthy quotations, it refers to the end of the book supporting documents formally establish the falsity of a belief that educated men can no longer afford support.

It follows that marriage is indissoluble in Poland as in other Catholic States, but that the grounds for revocation are slightly more frequent or more pronounced, and is, in my opinion, a final proof, but conclusive and decisive, the principle so often repeated in this book, and the homogeneity of the two companies, domestic and public, religious and physical, and the similarity of their constitutions in any nation. Indeed, as Poland is the only state of the monarchical Europe that has not been able to reach its natural constitution, the Catholic family itself is less strongly constituted than in other states of the same religion, and Christianity itself is overdue by a mixture of Greeks, Jews, Socinians, Anabaptist, or even suspected occult sects have arisen in this unhappy country, and still be home. Unfortunate nation, who fell back several centuries in the state of childhood, died while trying to return to manhood!

2 ° Manners said, are better in Protestant countries than in Catholic states. This assertion, repeated a thousand times by the many enemies of Christianity, some application development and it is here that IFS must distinguish weak the man of weak laws.

The license in the manners of man was born, it is true, in Italy, the progress of the arts, a necessary consequence of the progress of commerce, favored by princes had been made rich and high, but the license rules same customs, or laws, the North began with Luther's views, supported by news-hungry princes and wealth. Unrest in Italy were personal and sought the shadow of mystery in Germany, they were public or licensed, and while the Italian was weaving a plot to seduce the wife of his neighbor, the German took away under a judge's sentence, and married by a notary, and that's what the Germans called it the blessed reform, as we said, 90, our wonderful constitution . Soon, if we believe the most zealous followers of Luther, the dissolution of morals, the inevitable sequel of such laws was at its height in Germany and comparable to the license of Mohammedanism and we have already seen that Luther even allowed polygamy to the Landgrave of Hesse, but in great secrecy, and even under the seal of confession, sub signet confessionis ( note: Visiting extremely curious the Landgrave of Hesse, and the decision no less curious about Luther and seven other famous doctors of his party, was published in 1679, the duly certified by the Prince Palatine, with the instrument's second marriage. They are found in the history of changes ) .

Christianity was therefore appeal to both ends of Christianity both in the manners of man and the laws of society, when Christendom itself was under attack in its territory with weapons so formidable, so the Ottoman Empire. These two causes of disorder, the license in the arts and weakness in the laws have, since then, market parallel in society until modern philosophy, which consists in both views on the weakest laws, and most decided taste for art, combined in France, as in a home located in the center Europe, these two principles of domestic and public disorder: terrible combination, whose violent explosion reacted against both the North and the South cons, like those terrible shots, suddenly produced by mixing two liquids.

Arts du Midi had penetrated to the north, albeit slowly, following the wealth that trade product, but political causes and religious in the south had prevented the public propagation of the principles of the Reformation. There was therefore a principle Protestant Europe license more than in Catholic Europe, and how reason could she admit that in many cases produced less effect, especially if one considers that Catholicism, with its cult sensitive and embarrassing practice, imposes a barrier to our passions more present and more severe, at the same time it offers us in the austere rules of some institutions, still higher than men, models of posting all the fun?

I fear not to say there had long been more of disorders of the kind mentioned here, among the peoples Protestants in Catholic states: I tell people, because where, as in France, there are only individuals involved in a large population of Catholics, we do not distinguish the difference in habits. I cite in support of my assertion, Major Weiss, Senator Berne, known by its attachment to the French Revolution, which he wanted, too late, to prevent progress in his country, and that shows in his writings a extreme prevention for Protestant nations: "The two most males ( note: this is a compliment that Mr. Major Weiss to address two nations, one of Switzerland's enriched guineas, and the other gave his protection to the canton of Bern. The nations most males are the strongest nations and better, and this is in Europe or the English or Prussian) of Europe, "he says in his Principles of philosophy," the English and Prussian, are those where the weaknesses of love are dealt with more leniently. "In English, the theater is a revolting indecency, and Hugh Blair, a famous professor of belles lettres in Edinburgh, says that the French, particularly, are shocked. Berlin is the city of Europe's most corrupt. Long, Geneva, licensing principles had prevailed on the strictness of form, and there were more disturbances than any city in France the same rank. Manners in France were good in the countryside, and at least decent in the big cities. There are departments where, even now, divorce is unheard of, and where the people would do the first example with horror. Finally, where the identity of climate, productions, food, the same political institutions, the same domestic habits, ignorance equally agreeable arts, can establish between the peoples of the two communions parallels perfectly true, I mean in Switzerland, the advantage is entirely to the Catholics, and morals were as pure as they were dissolute in Fribourg to Bern. I rely here again the authority of the writer Oberland. "I do not know," he said, "countries in Europe where most of the people is less continent than in the canton of Bern," and he cites examples of very strange, reminiscent of the Sami to use their hosts or those of the islanders of the South Sea.

Moreover, it should be noted that even at equal disorders, weakness mores is more apparent where it contrasts with the more stringent laws. Drunkenness, which is not even noticed in England, is a phenomenon in Spain and in all countries where divorce is permitted, it is a good household as one where the husband also does not form new connections.

"In vain," said Madame Necker, "we would argue in favor of divorce, a good understanding of the spouses in Protestant countries, and the purity of home life in the early centuries of Rome. This argument seems invalid, because it only proves that the permission of divorce does not affect dangerous places where they do not benefit. In a word, given the good manners of a people to the possibility of divorce, which he does not wear it to honor the good health of the inhabitants of a country, a doctor in the neighborhood who does there would never be called.

Basically, the goodness or moral corruption is less in domestic actions which result in the sense that they emanate. One people, delivered to the love of gain, as people are generally Presbyterians, is less accessible to any other feeling. There, if man is good, he is without virtue, because it is effortless, and there is no great disorders in human diseases, because there is little affection between men. Magis quam cum extra vitia virtutibus .

But how, after all, dare we argue in favor of divorce, the practice of Protestant nations, when they see themselves, tired of the license it has introduced a search in the manners remedy against the law of the Protestants themselves ( note: Madame Necker, and D. Hume, 18th Test) write against divorce, and the English Parliament, he is more confident today ' Today only one way to adultery, to keep oneself occupied disastrous a law which he was the first author?

And make no mistake about it; if you noticed yet, there are thirty or forty years, some rigidity of manners, or rather some strictness, among people who obey the reformation, it must be attributed solely to the jealousy of sects, which, in the presence of a religion more severe, kept people on the steep slope of corruption place where the imperfection of their dogmas. The Catholic religion in this sense ruled the Presbyterian faith, like the monarchies of Europe ruled by democracies. And we can not doubt that morals throughout Christendom from becoming worse than they were in paganism, or even in France, a time when it was put on the altars of the vice and virtue on the scaffold, if there was no other dam in their overflow the award of philosophy, or phylacteries of theophilanthropists ( note: These phylacteries were moral sentences that the Pharisees spread out on their chests and on their foreheads, and that our theophilanthropists display on the walls where they s 'assemble) .

Remove the Catholicism of the universe, and divorce will become worse than the polygamy of the East, this imperfect state of domestic society, and against nature the public company that produces slavery, children's exposure, the oppression of all the weaknesses of humanity, and is separated from the promiscuity of raw by imprisonment of one sex and maiming of another.

I am not afraid to say, if the divorce is decreed at the same time as the practice of the Catholic religion is established, the people will believe, or you want to destroy religious background, or religion can divorce, and either of these views can produce large disturbances. We can not emphasize enough: the divorce was in 1792 that Consequently, we could any order then, the time and enough men guarding against seduction. Today divorce is regarded as a principle , and the difference is incalculable.

I finish with an important thought. Marriages, which are made to unite the families of the same country, might become their dissolution, in a nation sensitive and delicate appreciation of the blessing and the offense, a fruitful source of hereditary hatreds, which would bring the company to age private wars and domestic condemnation, and there is no town in the province could not divorce one put in more confusion. The Journal de Paris raised, a few months ago, this question: If opposition in the legislature can be as vehement in France it is in England . He alleged, to establish the negative reasons that are much better all the question before us here, and argued with reason, that a people like the French, who eats bread and wine , contempt Staff does not go unpunished, and in many fortiori contempt home, for the vindication home, different from the personal revenge, was among the Franks, and is everywhere, that the additional to public scrutiny, and a sure sign of failure and weakness of political laws.

The public authority must never lose sight of that religion itself, at the same time she ordered the man to forgive, ordered the power to punish "for," she says, "it is not in vain that it bears the sword: " Non enim sine causa gladium Portat . Hence as before, where the courts could not judge or punish accordingly, the authority allowed the condemnation to the man in! E legal battle, and even today is more personal revenge common in countries such as Italy, public prosecution is carried on with less force. Our procedure by jury in criminal cases, is a remnant of the former ruling above the domestic public trial and the proper administration of justice; further evidence of rare discernment of our philosophers, who, in all, bring the Nation Europe's most advanced imperfect habits of his early years.

must therefore return to stronger legislation and prohibiting the passions hope to meet law.

must become convinced of this truth that laws are only suitable for small emerging nations, and they must be more stringent as "a society is more advanced and more relaxed man. So man has done duties to perform more extensive and far more binding than those to which the child is subjected.

It is time for the public to recognize that it has encroached on the domestic power, and can not restore decency in giving him his just rights, because morals are just watching domestic laws. The choices will be more cautious when the suites are more serious, the authority will be sweeter when no longer disputed and that the woman has no property of the person or the disposition of his property. Peace and sitting under the domestic households, where the law of the State will maintain between father, mother and children, natural relationships which are family, and there will be in domestic society, as in public company, or confusion of people, or moving power. "


Louis de Bonald, Du considered divorce in the nineteenth century in relation to domestic state and the state public company (1801) in Complete Works of M. de Bonald , Volume II